Carlos III
- Born:
- January 20, 1716, Madrid, Spain
- Died:
- December 14, 1788, Madrid, Spain
- Nationality:
- Spanish
- Profession(s):
- King of Spain, King of Naples, King of Sicily, Duke of Parma, Duke of Piacenza
Early Life and Education
- Born to Philip V of Spain and his second wife, Elisabeth Farnese.
- His early life was largely shaped by his mother's ambitions to secure Italian territories for him.
- Received an education focused on preparation for ruling, including military tactics and diplomacy.
Career and Major Achievements
- Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1731 until 1735.
- King of Naples as Charles VII and King of Sicily as Charles V from 1734 until 1759, conquering them during the War of Polish Succession.
- Instituted significant reforms in Naples and Sicily, including tax reforms and infrastructure improvements.
- Ascended to the Spanish throne as Charles III in 1759, upon the death of his half-brother, Ferdinand VI.
- Implemented extensive reforms in Spain, known as the "Enlightened Despot" approach.
- Oversaw significant economic reforms, including liberalizing trade and promoting industry.
- Reformed the military, improving its organization and efficiency.
- Centralized the Spanish government and reduced the power of the aristocracy and the Church.
- Supported scientific research and education.
- Participated in the Seven Years' War, leading to Spain's acquisition of Louisiana from France.
Legacy and Impact
Carlos III, often referred to as the best of the Bourbon monarchs of Spain, left a lasting legacy through his reformist policies. His reign marked a period of significant modernization and improvement in both Spain and its Italian territories. His attempts to modernize Spain and create a more centralized and efficient government greatly impacted the country.
Notable Works
- Significant infrastructure projects in Naples and Sicily, including the construction of the Royal Palace of Caserta.
- Urban planning and infrastructure improvements in Madrid, including the construction of the Puerta de Alcalá and the Paseo del Prado.
- Economic reforms that promoted trade and industry throughout Spain.
- Military reforms that strengthened the Spanish armed forces.